Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41302208›Full record

ReviewLife (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Platelets in Dry Eye Disease: A Narrative Review of Biological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications Derived from Platelets.

Marco Zeppieri, Caterina Gagliano, Alessandro Avitabile, Antonino Maniaci, Francesco Cappellani, Riccardo Foti, Giosuè Giordano Incognito, Dalila Incognito, Roberta Foti

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Marco ZeppieriDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0999-5545
Caterina GaglianoDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna "Kore", 94100 Enna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8424-0068
Alessandro AvitabileFaculty of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.ORCID 0009-0003-1051-876X
Antonino ManiaciDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna "Kore", 94100 Enna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1251-0185
Francesco CappellaniDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna "Kore", 94100 Enna, Italy.ORCID 0009-0007-6807-9455
Riccardo FotiPlastic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0009-0003-9549-7952
Giosuè Giordano IncognitoObstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Maternal Child Department, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, 95100 Catania, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1818-0105
Dalila IncognitoMedical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8943-2963
Roberta FotiDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna "Kore", 94100 Enna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3074-4508

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPlatelets have conventionally been viewed as cellular fragments crucial for hemostasis; nonetheless, their extensive secretome of cytokines and growth factors has been increasingly acknowledged as a significant regulator of inflammation and tissue healing at the ocular surface.

aimsThe objective of this narrative review is to synthesize existing knowledge of platelet biology with new findings about the therapeutic use of platelet-derived products in dry eye disease (DED).

methodsA qualitative review of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to June 2025 identified preclinical, translational, and clinical studies assessing platelet-rich plasma (PRP), plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), platelet lysate, and autologous serum tears for dry eye disease (DED) and associated ocular surface disorders.

resultsPlatelet-derived formulations have exhibited reliable immunomodulatory and regenerative effects by diminishing inflammatory signaling, lowering cytokine expression, and facilitating epithelial and neurotrophic restoration. Clinical investigations have indicated enhancements in tear film stability, corneal staining, and patient-reported symptoms, especially in cases of moderate-to-severe or refractory illness. Nonetheless, methodological diversity, inconsistent preparation techniques, and restricted sample sizes have impeded comparability among experiments.

conclusionsPlatelet-derived treatments constitute a biologically viable and clinically promising strategy for the management of dry eye disease (DED). Future research must emphasize the standardization of preparation protocols, the identification of predictive biomarkers such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), nerve growth factor (NGF), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), as well as the design of multicenter randomized controlled trials to guarantee reproducible, GMP-compliant clinical applications.

Indexed as

dry eye diseaseinflammationocular surfaceplateletsregeneration

Identifiers

PMID41302208
PMCPMC12654242

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.