Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41301554›Full record

ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2025

City or Suburb, Resistance Flows: Wastewater-Borne

Sophia Karen Bakon, Nur Fatihah Sholehah Zakaria, Mohd Azerulazree Jamilan, Hazimah Hashim, Zuraifah Asrah Mohamad

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sophia Karen BakonHealth Risk Assessment Unit, Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-5088-3310
Nur Fatihah Sholehah ZakariaHealth Risk Assessment Unit, Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia.
Mohd Azerulazree JamilanNutrition Unit, Nutrition, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0003-3776-4365
Hazimah HashimPharmacy Practice and Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Petaling Jaya 46200, Selangor, Malaysia.
Zuraifah Asrah MohamadHealth Risk Assessment Unit, Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0003-1450-0260

Funding

Ministry of Health Malaysia NMRR-19-3637-51680
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesHospital wastewater has become a major hotspot for the spread of antimicrobial resistance and the accumulation of antibiotic-resistant genes. We focused on ESKAPE pathogens isolated from hospital wastewater and their antibiotic profiles, which are known to cause nosocomial infections in hospitals. Screening for antibiotic resistant genes in isolates and quantifying antibiotic residues in hospital wastewaters, which may reflect the amount of usage of antibiotics in Klang Valley city hospitals in Malaysia.

methodsHospital wastewater treatment plants from Klang Valley city were selected based on the study criteria. ESKAPE pathogens were isolated and identified using 16S rRNA PCR, and antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed. Antibiotic resistant gene screenings were performed using quantitative PCR, and quantification of antibiotic residues in the effluent samples was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

results

conclusionsThese findings call for improved wastewater management and antibiotic stewardship to mitigate the spread of resistant pathogens from healthcare facilities into the environment.

Indexed as

AMRantimicrobialeffluentESKAPEhealthcarehospitalresiduesresistance bacteriaresistance geneswastewater

Identifiers

PMID41301554
PMCPMC12649672

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.