Patent Foramen Ovale in Children: A Review of Epidemiological Characteristics, Natural Course, and Intervention Strategies.

Congcong Wang, Lianglong Ma, Jie Jin, Zhuo Shi

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Patent Foramen Ovale: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management.MedComm · 2026
Review

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Congcong WangDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China.ORCID 0009-0006-6277-7335

Lianglong MaDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China.

Jie JinDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China.

Zhuo ShiDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common cardiac structural abnormality in children, which has garnered significant clinical attention due to its epidemiological characteristics and natural course. Although PFO is asymptomatic in many cases, its potential complications and impact on children's health should not be underestimated. In recent years, there has been an increase in research on the epidemiological data of PFO in children under 16 years old. However, controversy remains regarding its natural course and clinical intervention strategies. This paper reviews the latest research progress on PFO in terms of epidemiological characteristics, natural course, current interventions, indications, timing of percutaneous PFO closure, risks, and complications, aiming to provide evidence-based guidance for clinical decision-making and improved management strategies for children with patent foramen ovale.

Indexed as

childrencomplicationsepidemiologyindicationsnatural coursepatent foramen ovaletiming of intervention

Identifiers

PMID41300609

DOI10.3390/children12111491

PMCPMC12651752

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.