ReviewChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Improving Intensive End-of-Life Care for Infants and Children: A Scoping Review of Intervention Elements.
Review in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesHigh-quality pediatric critical care includes supporting children nearing the end-of-life (EOL) and their families. Cataloging existing interventions for children dying in the neonatal or pediatric intensive care unit (NICU, PICU) establishes critical areas for future research. In this scoping review, we evaluated characteristics of PICU EOL interventions.
methodsA librarian guided a search of OVID Medline, CINAHL, OVID PsycINFO, OVID Embase, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science, plus backwards and forwards reference searching. We included interprofessional interventions, defined as any systematic change (e.g., educational programs, symptom management, electronic medical record, etc.), for children dying from any cause. Studies were independently screened by two reviewers. Data were extracted by one team member and reviewed by a second. We extracted intervention elements, contextual factors, implementation barriers/facilitators, and generated frequencies from qualitative coding.
resultsOf 11,643 screened articles, 44 met the inclusion criteria. Most were in neonatal ICUs (n = 28/44, 64%) and general PICUs (n = 10/44, 23%). Most interventions aimed to improve clinician knowledge (25/44, 57%), augment clinical structures and processes (n = 11/44, 25%), or enhance communication (n = 8/44, 18%). Common delivery methods included clinical practice changes (n = 25/44, 57%; e.g., protocols, order sets [n = 12]), and educational sessions (n = 20/44, 45%). Outcomes included clinician knowledge (n = 17/44, 39%), qualitative feedback (n = 18/44, 41%), feasibility/acceptability (n = 12/44, 27%), or treatment utilization (n = 11/44, 25%). Few examined families' mental health (n = 3, 7%) or bereavement (n = 2, 5%). Few reported implementation facilitators or barriers.
conclusionsMost included studies targeted clinician outcomes through education. Designing, testing, and implementing interventions focused on family outcomes is a critical next step.
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