ArticleAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Shikonin-Loaded Nanoparticles Attenuate Particulate Matter-Induced Skin Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.
Article in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Shikonin-Loaded Nanoparticles Ameliorate DEHP-Exacerbated Psoriasis Skin Injury via Targeted Inhibition of the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) poses a major threat to skin health, yet effective prevention strategies remain limited. Shikonin, a naphthoquinone derived from Lithospermum erythrorhizon, exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its therapeutic application is limited by low bioavailability. To address this limitation, we developed shikonin-loaded nanoparticles (SH-NPs) using an emulsion solvent evaporation method and characterized their physicochemical properties. The protective effects of SH-NPs against PM2.5-induced skin damage were evaluated in a mouse model. The SH-NPs exhibited favorable characteristics, including a mean particle size of 209.03 ± 2.45 nm, a PDI of 0.064 ± 0.03, and a zeta potential of -17.69 ± 2.06 mV. The encapsulation efficiency is 88% and the drug loading capacity is 5.5%, respectively. In vitro, SH-NPs significantly enhanced cellular uptake in HaCaT cells. In vivo, treatment with SH-NPs significantly improved skin structural disorders, epidermal thickening, and collagen fiber reduction, while downregulating the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Furthermore, SH-NPs increased the expression of SOD1 and SOD2, reduced MDA levels, and decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and NO. In conclusion, SH-NPs attenuated PM2.5-induced skin toxicity via enhanced antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-degradation mechanisms, offering a novel strategy to boost shikonin bioavailability and prevent PM2.5-related skin damage.
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