ReviewFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Koumiss (Fermented Mare's Milk) as a Functional Food: Bioactive Proteins, Peptides, and Future Perspectives.
Review in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Mare Age and Number of Foalings on Body Morphometry, Udder Morphology, Milk Yield, and Milk Composition in Kushum Mares.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial and α-Amylase Inhibitory Activities and GC-MS-based Metabolic Profiling of Cow Milk Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Distinctive Patterns of GutNutrients · 2026Article
- Growth Performance, Milk Productivity, Productive Longevity, and Milk Composition of Mugalzhar Horses.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Metabolomic Analysis of the Effects of Cysteamine Zinc on the Composition and Amino Acid Profile of Mare's Milk.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Activation of the PPAR Signaling Pathway by Koumiss in Experimental Ulcerative Colitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Multifunctional Peptides from Equine Milk Lactoferrin: Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity In Silico and In Vitro.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Serum physiology, fecal microbiota, and metabolome signatures associated with perinatal stage transitions in Mongolian mares.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fermented mare's milk, or koumiss, has been consumed for centuries across Central Asia for its nutritional and therapeutic value. Mare's milk differs from bovine milk by its near 1:1 casein-to-whey ratio, high lysozyme and lactoferrin, abundant immunoglobulins, and low β-lactoglobulin, which enhance digestibility, reduce allergenicity, and increase antimicrobial activity. During fermentation, lactic acid bacteria and yeasts transform this substrate into a reservoir of bioactive proteins, peptides, and metabolites. Multi-omics profiling has identified more than 2300 peptides and over 350 metabolites, including sequences with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities. Preclinical and limited clinical data indicate potential benefits for lipid metabolism, cardiovascular function, and gut health. Mechanistically, these effects appear to arise from synergistic actions of native proteins, fermentation-derived peptides, and probiotic consortia. Technological advances such as rational starter culture design, controlled proteolysis, and microencapsulation offer strategies to enhance bioactive yield and stability. However, standardized fermentation protocols and clinical validation remain necessary to position koumiss as a scientifically supported functional food.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.