SynthesisBMC oral health2025
Clinical and radiographic outcomes of pulpotomy materials in permanent teeth: a systematic review of calcium hydroxide, MTA, biodentine, and iRoot BP plus.
Synthesis in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Regenerative Potential of Biodentine in Complex Endodontic Conditions: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Radiological Evidence.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Management of Failed Apexification Associated with Internal Root Resorption and Apical Calcification: A 56-Month Case Report.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- Comparative evaluation of iRoot BP Plus and mineral trioxide aggregate for pulpotomy in primary molars with reversible pulpitis under intraoral endoscope: a retrospective study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPulpotomy is increasingly considered a viable treatment for permanent teeth with carious or traumatic pulp exposure, particularly when preserving pulp vitality is desired. Materials such as Calcium Hydroxide (CH), Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and iRoot BP Plus have distinct properties. Although many studies report favorable outcomes, direct comparisons between these materials in permanent teeth remain limited, and evidence on their relative long-term performance is inconclusive. This systematic review aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of CH, MTA, Biodentine, and iRoot BP Plus in permanent teeth, providing evidence to guide material selection in clinical practice.
methodsA comprehensive search of Cochrane, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Sage Journals was conducted for studies published from 2000 up to mid 2025 using keywords such as Pulpotomy, Vital Pulp Treatment (VPT), Calcium Hydroxide (CH), MTA, Biodentine, and iRoot BP Plus. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the PICOS framework. The quality of randomized controlled trials was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool, while cohort and case reports were evaluated using the JBI checklist.
resultsA total of 1,543 studies were initially identified, and 22 met the inclusion criteria, with follow-up periods ranging from 6 to 45.6 months. Risk of bias assessments indicated sufficient quality for data extraction. MTA demonstrated consistently high success rates (80%-100%), with several studies reporting complete clinical and radiographic success. iRoot BP Plus also showed excellent outcomes (84.6%-100%), with near perfect results in multiple studies. Biodentine achieved success rates from 70.7% to 100%, with most studies above 90%. CH showed more variable performance (37.5%-99.8%), though some trials reported outcomes comparable to MTA.
conclusionMTA and iRoot BP Plus demonstrated superior clinical and radiographic success, with Biodentine as a strong alternative. Although CH showed lower success rates, its long history of use supports its continued relevance. These findings should be interpreted cautiously due to study heterogeneity, the limited number of high-quality trials, and short follow-up in some cases. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up are needed to confirm these results and guide material selection for pulpotomy in permanent teeth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.