ArticleBMC nephrology2025
A novel duplex ultrasound-based classification of outflow stenosis in native arterio-venous fistulas for hemodialysis.
Article in BMC nephrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Clinical and histopathological predictors of secondary arteriovenous fistula failure due to intimal hyperplasia.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStenoses of the outflow tract can compromise the function of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) used for haemodialysis. Limited data exists to differentiate stenosis types and understand their underlying causes. This study aims to develop a new classification system for AVF stenoses based on the morphology and location of the lesions as assessed by duplex ultrasound (DUS). MATERIALS AND
methodsA multicenter, cross-sectional cohort study was conducted in four hospitals from October 2017 to February 2024. After exclusions, 1122 patients with dysfunctional AVFs were evaluated. The DUS variables studied were intimal-media thickness (IMT), venous valve calcifications (VVC), and stenosis location. The stenosis location was classified as follows: juxta/post anastomotic tract; middle tract; proximal tract; arm cephalic vein tract; cephalic arch; and arm basilic vein tract.
resultsIntimal hyperplasia (corresponding to IMT ≥ 0.4 mm) was present in 718 AVFs (64%; 95% CI 0.61-0.67), with an average thickness of 0.72 ± 0.14 mm (95% CI 0.71-0.73); no intimal hyperplasia (corresponding to IMT < ≥≥0.4 mm) in 354 AVFs (32%; 95% CI 0.29-0.34), and valve calcification in 50 AVFs (4%; 95% CI 3-6). Stenoses were classified in 4 types: Type A, dominant IMT with thickness ≥ 0.6 mm; Type B, IMT 0.4 mm to 0.6 mm; Type C, IMT < 0.4 mm; and Type D, with calcifications of the venous valves. Most of the stenosis fell within Type A and C (79.5%). Type A stenosis was in 80% found in the juxta/post-anastomotic segments. The middle and proximal tract segments showed a similar distribution of all four types of stenosis. Type C and D stenosis were prevalent in the distal segments.
conclusionDUS reveals distinct characteristics of AVF stenoses, suggesting different underlying causes. This classification system may facilitate the development of targeted interventions for preventing and treating AVF stenosis. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.