ArticleBMC microbiology2025
Sodium taurocholate induces a colonization-adapted state in Vibrio parahaemolyticus by repressing acute virulence and promoting adhesion.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of Epigallocatechin gallate against Vibrio parahaemolyticus.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a major seafood-borne pathogen, is exposed to bile salts such as sodium taurocholate (STC) during human infection. While bile salts are known to modulate virulence gene expression, their effects on biofilm formation and motility remain unclear. This study investigated the impact of subinhibitory STC (6.25 mM) on these phenotypes in V. parahaemolyticus RIMD2210633, testing the hypothesis that STC induces a colonization-adapted state, repressing acute virulence while promoting host-association traits. RNA sequencing revealed that STC altered the expression of 1176 genes (~ 24.3% of the genome). Our central finding is a coordinated transcriptional reprogramming characterized by the downregulation of key virulence determinants, including thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and multiple secretion systems (T3SS1, T3SS2 and T6SS1), alongside the upregulation of adhesion-related T6SS2 genes. Phenotypically, STC significantly suppressed cytotoxicity against HeLa cells but enhanced bacterial adhesion. While also affected motility and biofilm architecture—suppressing swimming motility, enhancing swarming, and reducing overall biofilm biomass despite upregulating some matrix genes—these phenotypes are interpreted as complementary adaptations supporting the overall colonization-adapted state. Collectively, these results indicate that sub-inhibitory STC reprograms V. parahaemolyticus physiology, repressing acute virulence mechanisms while promoting adhesion and surface adaptation through complex transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.