ArticleScientific reports2025
Postural stability reveals cognitive load of holding an intention in mind.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
It is well known that walking while talking may be challenging, but does merely keeping a future intention in mind (i.e., prospective memory, PM), even without execution, impose cognitive costs on postural stability? Reaction times and accuracy in a primary cognitive activity used so far may not fully capture these hidden costs, whereas center of pressure (COP) fluctuations offer a promising task-external indicator of cognitive load due to shared cognitive-postural resources. Fifty-three younger (18-30 years) and 47 older adults (60-86 years) performed an arrow task while standing on a force platform. Cognitive load was manipulated across two task-load conditions (low vs. high) and three PM conditions: (1) no PM instruction, (2) an instructed but unexecuted PM task (intended-PM), and (3) an instructed and executed PM task (executed-PM). The Cognition-Balance-Cost-Index (CBCI), integrating reaction times and COP, quantified cognitive-postural resource allocation. Results showed that younger adults' CBCI remained stable, with only a moderate increase in executed-PM under high load. In contrast, older adults exhibited significantly higher CBCI scores across all conditions, peaking in the executed-PM condition. Notably, intended-PM under high load reduced CBCI in older adults, suggesting compensatory resource allocation, and highlighting postural stability as a valuable, non-invasive indicator of cognitive load.
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