ArticleNature communications2025
Structural basis for human chondroitin sulfate chain polymerization.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances in chemoenzymatic synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans.Current opinion in chemical biology · 2026Review
- Crystal structure of a β1,3-Glucosyltransferase reveals an unusual substrate recognition by a two-domain GT-A fold glycosyltransferase.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Discovery of a Functional Sequon for Chondroitin Sulfate Glycosylation.Research square · 2026Article
- Machine learning-based integration identifies lactylation biomarkers for prognosis prediction and tumor microenvironment modulation in bladder cancer.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Dysregulation of the Cant1/β-Catenin/TCF4-CHSY1 Axis Underpins Impaired ECM Biosynthesis in Skeletal Disorders.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfates are complex polysaccharide chains that regulate various biological processes at the cell surface and within the extracellular matrix. Here, we identify four heterodimeric complexes responsible for chondroitin sulfate chain polymerization in humans: CHSY1-CHPF, CHSY1-CHPF2, CHSY3-CHPF, and CHSY3-CHPF2. Using a custom-tailored in vitro glycosylation assay based on chemo-enzymatically synthesized fluorescent substrates, we demonstrate that all four complexes exhibit chain polymerization activity. The cryo-EM structure of the CHSY3-CHPF complex provides molecular insights into the chondroitin sulfate chain polymerization reaction. The architecture of the catalytic sites suggests that CHSY1 and CHSY3 are enzymatically active, while CHPF and CHPF2 primarily play a stabilizing role. Mutational analysis of purified enzyme complexes, combined with an in cellulo complementation assay, confirms that only CHSY1 and CHSY3 have bifunctional glycosyltransferase activities. Based on the spatial arrangement of the catalytic sites, we propose that chondroitin sulfate chain polymerization follows a non-processive, distributive mechanism.
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