Trial reportJournal of the National Medical Association2026
Physician referral is associated with recruitment, motivation, and adherence in an exercise intervention study for older adults.
Trial report in Journal of the National Medical Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03253341 (Prescribing Smart Aging), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Prescribing Smart Aging: Integrating Health Systems With Community-Based Lifestyle Interventions
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe LEAP! Rx study was a 12-month randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of supervised exercise and education. This paper is a secondary-data analysis exploring differences in recruitment, motivation, adherence, and retention between physician-referred and self-referred participants.
methods219 total healthy, older adult participants (72.79 ± 4.83 years), 118 physician-referred and 101 self-referred, were randomized into a structured exercise and education for Alzheimer's Disease prevention ((n = 110, i.e., LEAP! Rx) or a waitlist control group (n = 109). Demographics and patterns in recruitment, motivations for participation, adherence, and retention related to age, gender, race, ethnicity, or education were examined between the physician-referred and self-referred groups.
resultsWe observed a significant difference in race, but not sex, between the two referral methods. Specifically, the physician-referred group had a higher proportion of African American participants. Attendance to education classes was similar for both referral types. However, self-referred participants had better adherence to the exercise prescription and were also less likely to withdraw from the study. A higher number of physician-referred participants withdrew due to COVID-19 or were lost to follow-up, likely due to the timing of their recruitment into the study. Motivations for participation were not significantly different by referral source however, a trend with recognition was associated with physician referral and study withdrawal.
conclusionsFindings suggest that physician referrals can enhance the racial diversity of research participants. The lower adherence in the physician-referred group was likely due to the pandemic's influence on enrollment, highlighting the need for further research on the relationship between recruitment source, motivations, and adherence.
trial registrationNCT03253341.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.