Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41297542›Full record

ArticleNeuron2026

Distinct roles of prefrontal subregion feedback to the primary visual cortex across behavioral states.

Sofie Ährlund-Richter, Yuma Osako, Kyle R Jenks, Emma Odom, Haoyang Huang, Don B Arnold, Mriganka Sur

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neuron, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Decomposing the modulation of interactions between neuronal populations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Experience-Dependent Plasticity to Visual Sequences in Mouse Anterior Cingulate Cortex Reflects Familiarity.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  5. Highly selective visual receptive fields in mouse frontal cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Noradrenaline Regulation of Brain-Body Communication.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sofie Ährlund-RichterThe Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: sahrlund@mit.edu.
Yuma OsakoThe Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Kyle R JenksThe Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Emma OdomDepartment of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Haoyang HuangDepartment of Biology, Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Don B ArnoldDepartment of Biology, Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Mriganka SurThe Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: msur@mit.edu.

Funding

Neuron-astrocyte mechanisms of norepinephrine in goal-directed learningR01MH133066 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI MRIGANKA SUR · 2023 to 2026
$2.6M
Astrocyte-Neuron Circuits Underlying Cortical Mechanisms of Learned BehaviorR01NS130361 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI MRIGANKA SUR · 2022 to 2026
$2.1M
Methods for anterograde tracing of active circuitsR01MH139680 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI DONALD B ARNOLD · 2025 to 2026
$1.4M
Dissecting distinct contributions of different Prefrontal subregions on goal-directed visual attentionK99EY035752 · NEI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI AEHRLUND RICHTER, SOFIE · 2024 to 2025
$251k
Visual cortex circuits mediating arousal and visual discriminationF32EY032756 · NEI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI JENKS, KYLE ROBERT · 2022 to 2024
$221k
NEI NIH HHS F32 EY032756NEI NIH HHS K99 EY035752NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH133066NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH139680NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS130361
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The mammalian prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to modulate cortical sensory processing during behavior through long-range feedback projections. Subregions of the PFC, such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACA) and ventrolateral orbitofrontal cortex (ORB), exhibit unique patterns of connectivity that may confer distinct roles in feedback modulation of sensory information. Here, we combined axonal tracing, two-photon calcium imaging, and chemogenetic manipulations in mice to determine how projections from the ACA and ORB influence visual processing in the primary visual cortex (VISp). We found that ACA axons conveyed stronger visual-stimulus information than ORB axons, though both conveyed non-visual, behavior-related information. ACA input enhanced visual encoding in VISp neurons and scaled with behavioral arousal, whereas ORB input shaped behavior-related modulation but reduced high-contrast visual encoding. These results reveal distinct feedback roles of ACA and ORB projections, supporting the modular organization of PFC feedback modulation.

Indexed as

Behavior, AnimalFeedback, PhysiologicalGyrus CinguliPrefrontal CortexPrimary Visual CortexVisual CortexVisual PerceptionAnimalsAxonsMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLNeuronsPhotic StimulationVisual Pathways2-photon imaginganterior cingulate cortexaxonsbehavioral stateDREADD inhibitionfeedback modulationorbitofrontal cortexprefrontal cortextop-down modulationvisual cortex

Identifiers

PMID41297542
PMCPMC12761994

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.