ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025
Nitrogen-fixing microbes gain genes in diverse types of living environments.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), which is catalyzed by a large nitrogenase enzyme complex, has evolved in both bacteria and archaea. Indeed, nitrogen-fixing species are found in diverse living environments, and BNF has evolved even in aerobic bacteria, although the function of nitrogenase is inhibited by oxygen. BNF is, however, highly energy-costing, requiring 16 ATPs in a single nitrogen fixation reaction. To explain this paradox, we hypothesized that nitrogen-fixing species gain not only nitrogen-fixing (
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