Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41296267›Full record

ArticleJournal of bioethical inquiry2026

Should Australia Adopt a Groningen Like Protocol?

Kerstin Knight

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of bioethical inquiry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Kerstin KnightDepartment of History and Philosophy of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. kerstin.knight@unimelb.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8996-4428

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Based on an analysis of a case study from a Victorian case of neonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), I want to propose that in some circumstances it would be desirable to have well-regulated legal provisions, such as the Groningen Protocol (GP), to hasten the death of newborns with catastrophic health conditions in order to reduce suffering. My argument will take the following form: (1) Neonatal euthanasia in form of withholding all (including natural) nutrition and hydration is already practiced in Victoria and considered legal in circumstances of palliative care. (2) In cases where it is already legally practiced, there are better and worse ways to achieve a good death. Ways that result in less suffering, all else being equal, are morally superior and therefore preferable. (3) Lethal injections that result in a painless, controlled death are better than starvation, because it causes less suffering. Therefore, in cases where death as the palliative outcome is either aimed at or unavoidable, injection of a lethal medication is preferable to slow starvation. In well considered circumstances it should therefore be a legal treatment option and considered best practice.

Indexed as

Hypoxia-Ischemia, BrainPalliative CareWithholding TreatmentAustraliaHumansInfant, NewbornVictoriaAction/Omission distinctionAssisted dyingBioethicsDoctrine of double effectEuthanasiaGroningen protocolHypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE)Neonatal palliative careWithdrawal of treatmentWithholding of nutrition and hydration

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.