ArticleSports (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Relationship Between Internal and External Load in Under-16 Soccer Players: Heart Rate, Rating of Perceived Exertion, and GPS-Derived Variables.
Article in Sports (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Seasonal Analysis of Match External Load in Hungarian Second-Division Professional Football Across Three Competitive Seasons Using GPS-Derived Match-Average Data.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Call for Consensus: A Narrative Review of GPS-Based External Training Load Monitoring in Male Youth Soccer Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Small-Sided Games vs. Running-Based High-Intensity Interval Training: An Exploratory Study of the Effects on Physical Performance and Internal Load in Under-11 Male Football Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
Heart rate (HR) monitoring is a practical method for assessing internal load (IL). However, it remains unclear for which age group HR would be an appropriate predictor of IL considering the relationship with external load (EL). Thus, this study aims to evaluate the relevance and applicability of HR monitoring by exploring the relationship between EL and IL among U16 soccer players. EL was measured using global positioning system (GPS) data, while IL was assessed through training impulse (TRIMP), Edward's TRIMP, HR exertion, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and session-RPE (s-RPE). Nineteen (N = 19) male footballers from an elite football academy participated, with data collected from 50 training sessions and 11 matches. In the analysis of the training sessions, TRIMP demonstrated a near-perfect correlation with total distance (TD) (
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