ArticleVaccines2025
Heterologous SARS-CoV-2 Buccal Immunization with Oral Dissolving Films Generated a Strong Systemic and Mucosal Immunity in a Murine Model.
Article in Vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundIn response to the emergence of immune-evasive variants of SARS-CoV-2, this study explores a novel heterologous vaccination strategy using a microparticulate formulation approach that is delivered via oral dissolving film (ODF) formulations into the buccal cavity. Heterologous administration has the potential to generate cross-reactive antibodies, which can be especially beneficial against viruses with ever-mutating variants. Moreover, the microparticulate oral dissolving film-based vaccine approach is a non-invasive vaccine delivery platform.
methodsThe vaccine design incorporated whole inactivated Delta and Omicron variants of the virus, administered at prime and booster doses, respectively, effectively encapsulated in a Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) polymer matrix, and adjuvanted with Alum to enhance immune activation. Following vaccination, serum, mucosal, and tissue samples were analyzed to evaluate humoral and cellular immune responses against the model antigen, as well as other variants such as Alpha and Beta variants, to understand the cross-reactive response.
resultIn vitro evaluations confirmed the vaccine's safety and its ability to stimulate immune responses. On administering microparticulate oral dissolving films to mice, whole inactivated delta and omicron variant-specific antibodies were observed in serum samples along with neutralizing titers in terminal week. The formulated vaccine showed significant secretory IgA antibody levels in mucosal samples. Moreover, CD4
conclusionsThis approach offers a promising platform for developing next-generation vaccines capable of inducing broad immunity.
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