ReviewMetabolites2025
New Frontier in Cancer Immunotherapy: Sexual Dimorphism of Immune Response.
Review in Metabolites, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Immune-excluded and immune-suppressive tumor microenvironments: mechanisms, spatial biomarkers, and therapeutic rewiring.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism influences immune responses, cancer progression, and therapeutic outcomes, yet its metabolic underpinnings remain underexplored. Metabolomics enables the comprehensive profiling of biochemical pathways that shape sex-based differences in immune function and immunotherapy efficacy. Meta-analytic data indicate that men achieve a larger overall survival benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors than women (pooled hazard ratio 0.72, 95% CI 0.65-0.79 vs. 0.86, 95% CI 0.79-0.93), while women may experience higher major pathologic response rates in neoadjuvant settings. At the biomarker level, elevated kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratios-reflecting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity-and distinct lipidomic signatures associate with reduced immunotherapy efficacy and may vary by sex. Sex-specific differences in microbiome-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, further modulate systemic immunity and treatment response. Ongoing clinical investigations combine hormone modulation with immune checkpoint blockade and increasingly integrate metabolomic profiling to identify predictors of benefit and toxicity. This review will synthesize meta-analytic and mechanistic evidence on sex differences in immunotherapy outcomes, highlight metabolomic biomarkers linked to response, and summarize ongoing clinical trials that incorporate metabolomics to guide sex-aware precision oncology. Understanding sex-specific metabolic pathways can refine patient stratification and optimize immunotherapeutic strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.