ArticleThe ISME journal2025
Global distribution of α/β hydrolase family macrolide esterases in Gram-positive bacteria.
Article in The ISME journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hydration and hydrolysis define antibiotic resistance conferred by macrolide esterases.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- MarA binds and activates the ABC efflux pump YadGH to confer conditional macrolide resistance in AcrB-deficientFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrolide antibiotics are vital for controlling infections in humans, animals, and agriculture, yet their effectiveness is increasingly compromised by antimicrobial resistance. Macrolide esterases (MLEs) are key mediators of macrolide resistance but have only been detected in Gram-negative bacteria, with no evidence in Gram-positive species. Here, we mined over 500 000 Gram-positive genomes and identified 8707 candidate proteins. Six representative MLEs were functionally validated, conferring resistance to 16-membered macrolides and increasing minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) up to 16-fold in Escherichia coli and 128-fold in Bacillus subtilis. Moreover, two exhibited broad-spectrum activity against all clinically and veterinary relevant 16-membered macrolides. Temporal analysis revealed that Gram-positive MLEs originated at least 2.7 million years ago, contrasting with their emergence in Gram-negative bacteria after the introduction of antibiotics. Genomic surveys further demonstrated the global distribution of MLE-carrying Gram-positive bacteria across 97 countries and diverse ecosystems, including clinical, food, agricultural, and natural environments. These findings highlight Gram-positive MLEs as an underrecognized risk and underscore the need for a One Health-oriented strategy to monitor, assess, and mitigate the spread of macrolide resistance across interconnected ecosystems.
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