ArticleERJ open research2025
How do climate conditions and urbanisation impact nontuberculous mycobacterial infections? An Italian nationwide case-control study.
Article in ERJ open research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Mycobacterium nanjing sp. nov. Isolated from Cutaneous Infection, China.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
28 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens primarily found in soil and water. Previous studies have linked higher population density and tropical/subtropical climates with increased NTM pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). However, the effects of meteorological parameters and population density on NTM incidence in European countries remain unclear. This study aimed to assess whether climate conditions (temperature, humidity, wind speed, precipitation) and urbanisation influence the occurrence of NTM-PD. Methods: We conducted a case-control study evaluating meteorological conditions (in the 12 months before the first NTM isolate) and urbanisation in the municipalities of residence of 1061 adults with NTM-PD enrolled in an Italian multicentre observational study (2017-2023), compared with a random sample of 10 000 adults from the Italian population. Results: The mean age of patients was 63.1 years, and 67.2% were female. Less densely populated areas were at lower risk for NTM-PD, even after adjusting for age, sex and meteorological parameters in a multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression model (OR 0.66 (95% CI: 0.56-0.78) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.52-0.89) for semi-urban and rural areas, respectively, Conclusions: Climate change, particularly global warming and urbanisation, may increase NTM infections in regions with Mediterranean and continental climates.
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