Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41293159›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025

Case Report: A simple case of drug-induced secondary antibody deficiency or a rare primary immune deficiency?

Sarah L Johnston, Julie C Evans, Ian R Berry, Oliver T Watkinson

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Sarah L JohnstonDepartment of Immunology and Immunogenetics, North Bristol National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Julie C EvansSouth West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Bristol Genetics Laboratory, North Bristol National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Ian R BerrySouth West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Bristol Genetics Laboratory, North Bristol National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Oliver T WatkinsonDepartment of Cardiology, Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antibody deficiency may be primary, because of an underlying inborn error of immunity, or secondary, due to another disease process or medication, leading to decreased antibody production or increased antibody loss. Secondary antibody deficiency is much more common than primary. It can, however, be difficult to distinguish primary from secondary, and both should be considered when assessing patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia. The case presented highlights the importance of confirming the underlying pathophysiology in patients presenting with antibody deficiency, the contribution of genetic assessment to the care of patients with complex phenotypes, and the impact this can have on long-term patient management.

Indexed as

AgammaglobulinemiaImmunologic Deficiency SyndromesPrimary Immunodeficiency DiseasesDiagnosis, DifferentialHumansantibody deficiencycardiomyopathyinborn error of immunityprimaryRoifman syndromesecondaryvalproate-induced

Identifiers

PMID41293159
PMCPMC12640896

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.