ArticleIndian journal of anaesthesia2025
All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 Guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult airway in adults under general anaesthesia.
Article in Indian journal of anaesthesia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Adapting to the unadaptable: Anaesthetic management in patients with coexisting challenges of positioning and difficult airway for cataract surgery.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2026Article
- A randomised trial comparing 80% and 100% inspired oxygen concentrations for time to adequate preoxygenation using end-tidal oxygen concentration targets.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2026Article
- Anatomical level-dependent variation in ultrasonographic skin-to-epiglottis depth and its diagnostic performance for difficult laryngoscopy: A prospective observational study.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2026Article
- Comparison of Focused Upper Airway Ultrasonographic and Anthropometric Measurements for Predicting Difficult Intubation: A Prospective Observational Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Comparison of tracheal intubation using videolaryngoscopy versus videolaryngoscope-assisted flexible tracheoscopy in patients with simulated manual in-line stabilisation - A randomised controlled trial.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2026Article
- Unprepared airway: an ABCDE preparation framework for emergency intubation.World journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Anaesthesiologic management of patients at risk of pulmonary aspiration: a Swiss consensus statement.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Ten tips for a safe approach in airway management.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2026Review
- Indian women in anaesthesia research: Touching the academic peaks.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2026Article
- Expert consensus for difficult airway management in the absence of clear evidence using a Delphi method.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- Difficult airway registry - An essential step towards safer anaesthesia practices.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult airway in obstetrics under general anaesthesia.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult airway in adults, obstetrics, and paediatrics and the management of at-risk extubations: Guideline development process and methodology.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- Assembling a Difficult Airway Cart/Kit, declaring "Code D", and issuing an Airway Alert Card for unanticipated difficult airway management proposed by the All India Difficult Airway Association.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for extubation of the "at-risk" airway.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult airway in paediatrics under general anaesthesia.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- Anaesthetic Management of a Patient with Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome Undergoing Robotic Thermocoagulative Hemispherotomy: A Case Report.Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical AssociationReview
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 Adult guideline provides guidance for the management of an unanticipated difficult airway under general anaesthesia. The American Heart Association (AHA) Class of Recommendation and Level of Evidence was used. In addition, for interventions where the evidence was absent or weak, a Delphi process among airway experts was convened to generate expert consensus statements. The most significant difference from the 2016 guidelines is providing guidance for a failed supraglottic airway (SGA) insertion, tracheal intubation, face mask ventilation, or other strategies commonly used as part of the primary airway plan under general anaesthesia, not restricting to a failed intubation. Airway assessment should be routinely performed to identify an anatomical as well as the physiologically difficult airway. Peri-intubation oxygenation with pre-oxygenation and apnoeic oxygen with nasal oxygen (10-15 L/min) or high-flow nasal oxygen increases the safe apnoea time. Videolaryngoscopy and adjuncts such as stylets and bougies improve first pass intubation success. Tracheal tube position should be confirmed by waveform capnography. If the primary airway plan fails, activate 'Code D' as the hospital emergency code to call for help. Airway rescue should then be attempted with any of the three devices (tracheal tube, SGA, or face mask), and switching promptly between them as needed, with no hierarchy, until effective ventilation and adequate oxygen saturation (SpO₂) are achieved. Optimise patient position, ensure neuromuscular blockade, and consider changing the tools, technique, or operator. Allow up to three failed attempts with these devices provided the SpO
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