Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41292690›Full record

ArticleDiabetology international2026

Differential association of hyperglucagonemia with C-peptide levels in diabetic ketosis/ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state.

Tatsuya Iida, Sayuri Nii, Hiroto Nishikawa, Eriko Kodama, Hideyuki Imai, Mai Hashizume, Rie Tadokoro, Chiho Sugisawa, Toru Iizaka, Fumiko Otsuka and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetology international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Tatsuya IidaDivision of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa Medical University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8501 Japan.ORCID 0009-0005-0821-0648
Sayuri NiiDivision of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa Medical University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8501 Japan.
Hiroto NishikawaDivision of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa Medical University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8501 Japan.
Eriko KodamaDivision of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa Medical University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8501 Japan.
Hideyuki ImaiDivision of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa Medical University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8501 Japan.
Mai HashizumeDivision of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa Medical University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8501 Japan.
Rie TadokoroDivision of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa Medical University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8501 Japan.
Chiho SugisawaDivision of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa Medical University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8501 Japan.
Toru IizakaDivision of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa Medical University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8501 Japan.
Fumiko OtsukaDivision of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa Medical University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8501 Japan.
Shoichiro NagasakaDivision of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa Medical University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8501 Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aims/introduction: Glucagon plays a pivotal role in the development of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that hyperglucagonemia based on measurements of pancreas-specific glucagon is present in diabetic ketosis/ketoacidosis (DK/DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), and if so, to explore factors contributing to that hyperglucagonemia. Materials and methods: A total of 109 patients (92 with DK/DKA, and 17 with HHS) were investigated. Pancreas-specific glucagon levels were measured with a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at treatment initiation. The relationships of plasma glucagon levels, serum ketone bodies levels, and endogenous insulin secretion were assessed. The change in plasma glucagon levels after treatment was also assessed. Results: The median plasma glucagon level was significantly higher in the HHS group (142.9 pg/mL) than in the DK/DKA group (63.6 pg/mL). In the DK/DKA group, the plasma glucagon level was positively correlated with the serum ketone bodies level (ρ = 0.55, Conclusions: Hyperglucagonemia was found in DK/DKA and HHS with pancreas-specific glucagon measurements. The results suggest that the causes of hyperglucagonemia differ in DK/DKA due to type 1 diabetes mellitus and HHS. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-025-00852-8.

Indexed as

C-peptideDiabetic ketosis/ketoacidosisGlucagonHyperosmolar hyperglycemic stateKetone bodies

Identifiers

PMID41292690
PMCPMC12640887

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.