ArticleHealth science reports2025
Comparative Evaluation of Glycaemic and Non-Glycaemic Factors as Determinants of Retinopathy Status in an Adult Population: A Case-Control Study.
Article in Health science reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Aims: Hyperglycemia is a known risk factor for retinopathy. With diabetes cases expected to increase from 366 million in 2011 to 552 million by 2030, the global burden of retinopathy may rise. Given this observation, more attention is focused on glycaemic determinants of retinopathy to the neglect of non-glycaemic factors, particularly in Ghana. However, genetic and environmental variations may highlight the importance of non-glycaemic factors as determinants of retinopathy. Methods: This case-control study was conducted between January and August 2024 at the Emmanuel Eye Medical Center in Accra, Ghana. The study involved 160 participants aged between 34 and 81 years. Of the 160 participants, 80 (50%) were diagnosed with retinopathy. Fasting venous blood samples were collected and analyzed for glycaemic factors, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and non-glycaemic factors, including fasting lipids and complete blood count indices. Results: Results showed that the FBG (8.4 ± 2.6 vs. 6.3 ± 1.6, Conclusion: Glycaemic factors are more strongly associated with retinopathy than non-glycaemic factors. Early screening should prioritize glycaemic factors while considering non-glycaemic factors due to genetic and environmental variations in retinopathy development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.