Mapping the social networks of key actors in the development of health technology assessment in Iran.

Background: Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is vital for evidence-based policymaking and resource allocation. In Iran, HTA development involves diverse actors with varying levels of power, influence, and support. Understanding their interactions is key to strengthening HTA processes. Methods: We applied Social Network Analysis (SNA) to map relationships among 27 stakeholders identified through document review and expert interviews. Data were collected via an online questionnaire completed by 83 experts (response rate: 72.2%), assessing five dimensions: power, position, interest, influence, and support. Network metrics, including degree, closeness, betweenness, and eigenvector centrality, were analyzed using R Version 4.4.1. Results: The Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Food and Drug Administration, Insurance Organizations, and Parliament were perceived as the most influential actors. The Plan and Budget Organization (degree centrality 0.34) and National Institute of Health Research (0.26) emerged as key connectors with high bridging roles. Overall, the network exhibited low density (0.13) and limited clustering (0.11), indicating sparse connectivity. Peripheral actors, such as the Chamber of Commerce, were largely disconnected from the network. Conclusion: HTA development in Iran is shaped by a few central institutions, but weak connectivity and limited engagement of peripheral actors hinder collaboration. Strengthening stakeholder communication, enhancing inclusiveness, and securing sustainable funding are critical for more effective HTA implementation and evidence-informed health policy.