ArticleBMC pharmacology & toxicology2025
Anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of D-limonene in improving liver cirrhosis induced by bile duct ligation in male rat.
Article in BMC pharmacology & toxicology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of therapeutic effects of D-limonene following orchiopexy in the rat model of cryptorchidism.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Integrated WGCNA and Network Pharmacology Explore the Potential Mechanisms of D-Limonene in Alleviating Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- D-limonene ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by inhibiting the PPARγ/SCD-1 pathway and improving lipid metabolism disorders.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimLiver fibrosis is one of the pathological consequences of several liver diseases that can lead to liver cirrhosis. Some anti-fibrotic drugs for liver fibrosis have not yet been clinically approved. The current study assesses the antioxidant properties of D-limonene (DL) on cholestatic liver damage induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: For this purpose, 36 male rats were randomly divided into six equal groups: Sham, BDL, BDL + 50 DL, BDL + 100 DL, 50 DL, and 100 DL. The rats underwent BDL surgery and were treated with DL for a duration of 28 days. Serum liver enzymes were measured, and liver tissue was examined for histopathological, biochemical, and gene expression studies. KEY
findingsTreatment with DL, administered in two doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, resulted in decreased levels of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). Additionally, it reduced the expression of caspase-3, TNF-alpha, and malondialdehyde, leading to a decrease in liver cell damage and liver fibrosis. Moreover, DL was found to increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione levels in the BDL model.
conclusionsThe results of this study suggest that DL could be considered a potential candidate for protecting the liver against cholestatic damage due to its anti-fibrotic and antioxidant properties.
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