ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2025
Global burden of leishmaniasis, 1990-2021: systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Socioeconomic risk factors and human immunosuppressive conditions are major drivers of human leishmaniasis in southern Europe.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Repurposing of Clomiphene Citrate and Its Antileishmanial and Antifungal Activities:Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Co-managing the double burden: strategies for simultaneously tackling infectious and non-communicable diseases.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Impact of environmental and socioeconomic factors on the prevalence of and DALYs due to cutaneous leishmaniasis globally from 1990 to 2021 based on remote sensing and GIS technologies.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- In Vitro Antiparasitic Activity and Phytochemical Profiling of Rhaponticum repens and Achillea millefolium Methanolic Extracts Against Plasmodium Falciparum and Leishmania major.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- Knowledge-practice gap in leishmaniasis among medical students in an endemic region: a multi-university cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLeishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease with significant global public health implications, leading to diverse clinical manifestations. It disproportionately affects impoverished populations in over 90 countries, making it a major health concern worldwide.
methodsThis study provides a comprehensive analysis of the global burden of leishmaniasis from 1990 to 2021 across 204 countries and territories, using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. It estimates the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with leishmaniasis, assessing its impact across different age groups, sexes, and sociodemographic index (SDI) categories.
resultsThe findings show a decline in the global age-standardized DALY rate for visceral leishmaniasis, from 75.73 to 5.39 per 100,000 population (a reduction of 92.9%). However, the DALY rate for cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis has increased from 3.86 to 4.88 per 100,000 (a 26.4% rise), particularly in low- and middle-SDI countries. The study also reveals significant sex disparities in occupational risk factors, with men being more vulnerable to environmental and industrial exposures. Additionally, nutritional deficiencies, particularly calcium and zinc deficiencies, are identified as significant global risk factors.
conclusionThe results underscore the need for targeted public health interventions, particularly those addressing nutritional deficiencies and occupational exposures. Region-specific health strategies should be developed to account for local risk factors, sex differences, and the varying impacts of environmental and industrial exposures, especially in less developed regions.
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