ArticleHealth and quality of life outcomes2025
Identifying and developing EQ-5D-5L bolt-on items for Chinese chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
Article in Health and quality of life outcomes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to identify and develop disease-specific additional items (bolt-ons) for the EQ-5D-5L for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China.
methodsWe identified and developed the bolt-ons using a three-step qualitative approach. Step 1: A content review of twenty-five COPD-specific instruments was conducted to identify potential gaps in the dimensions covered by the EQ-5D-5L. Step 2: We conducted semi-structured, face-to-face, one-on-one qualitative interviews with eight physicians and twenty COPD patients to understand patients lived experiences and explore factors influencing their Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Based on the findings from the first two steps, an initial version of the bolt-ons was developed. Step 3: We conducted Delphi consultations with fifteen experts and conducted cognitive debriefing interviews with eight patients to revise the structure, language, and framing of the bolt-ons. Finally, we invited nine experts to participate in a group discussion, which led to the final selection of the bolt-ons.
resultsThrough multiple rounds of qualitative methods, “Breathing problems,” “Limitations in physical activities due to shortness of breath,” “Social activities,” “Tiredness/lack of strength,” and “Sleep problems” were identified as the most appropriate bolt-ons for assessing HRQoL in COPD patients.
conclusionFive bolt-ons were identified as the most relevant candidates for assessing HRQoL in individuals with COPD. Further quantitative validation and analysis will be conducted to determine the final selection.
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