Interventions for adolescent school boys and young men to reduce gender-based violence in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

backgroundGBV is a widespread issue rooted in gender inequality that disproportionately affects women and girls worldwide. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the problem is even more severe, with some regions reporting GBV rates as high as 50%. While most efforts to combat GBV focus on supporting women and girls, there is growing recognition that engaging boys and young men is essential for addressing the root causes of violence. This review examines interventions designed to reduce GBV perpetration among adolescent boys and young men in LMICs, aiming to identify effective strategies for fostering healthier attitudes and behaviors.

methodsWe conducted a systematic review of studies published between 2000 and 2023, searching databases such as Embase, Global Health, MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, and Africa Wide Information. Out of 2,728 records, 53 studies were assessed, and 12 met the criteria for inclusion. These studies included randomized control trials, quantitative and qualitative research, and interventions delivered in schools and communities. The focus was on programs targeting behavioral change, gender norms, and bystander intervention. The data were analyzed to evaluate their impact on GBV perpetration and victimization.

resultsThis review revealed that school- and community-based interventions can effectively reduce GBV perpetration and victimization among boys and young men. Most studies concluded that there was significant behavioral change and a reduction in the perpetration and experience of GBV postintervention. There was also a decrease in the perpetration and experience of forced sex, dating violence, and intimate partner violence. The influence of the bystander effect on young men's attitudes toward GBV was also reviewed; however, no statistically significant improvements were identified. Overall, the findings suggest that engaging boys and young men in GBV prevention can make a difference, but more work is needed to ensure a lasting impact.

conclusionsThis review highlights the importance of including boys and young men in efforts to prevent GBV, particularly in LMICs. Effective interventions sometimes combine education, community engagement, and activities that challenge harmful gender norms. These findings can guide policymakers and practitioners in designing programs that promote gender equality and reduce violence. However, more research is needed to understand how to sustain these changes over time and how to adapt interventions for different cultural contexts. By addressing both perpetrators and victims, we can move closer to achieving global goals such as ending violence against women and girls.