Observational studyBMC emergency medicine2025
Utilization, awareness, and predictors of emergency medical services use in India: a prospective observational study.
Observational study in BMC emergency medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Public awareness about the emergency conditions and services provided by emergency medical services in the Northern Border Region of Saudi Arabia.International journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesThis study aims to investigate the utilization patterns, awareness and factors influencing utilization of emergency medical services among patients reporting to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in India. METHODOLOGY: It is a prospective observational study, conducted at the Emergency Department (ED) of a tertiary care hospital in an urban setting in Southern India, conducted over 45 days in November and December 2024, among 434 patients aged ≥ 18 years. Data was collected using a pre-structured proforma covering demographics, triage category, transportation mode, and EMS awareness. Statistical analysis was performed using R version 4.4.3 software and JAMOVI statistics software version 2.4.11. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses, were applied.
resultsAmong the 434 patients enrolled, 47% (204) of participants arrived by ambulance, predominantly males. Among trauma and non-trauma patients, non-trauma cases were more common. Patients in higher triage categories, such as P1 and P2 (as per the Emergency Severity Index, ESI), were more likely to be transported by ambulance than those in the lower triage category, P3. However, awareness about EMS was limited to only 43% (188) of the study population; among them, 56.3% (106) only knew the name of emergency medical services without having basic knowledge about them in India. Overall, 45.8% of the study population reported having no awareness about EMS in India or other countries. Logistic regression analysis showed that triage category (OR = 0.31, p < 0.001), EMS awareness (OR = 1.67, p = 0.029), and perceived severity of the patient's condition (OR = 1.20, p < 0.001) were predictors for higher utilisation of ambulance services.
conclusionThe study reveals significant gaps in EMS awareness, infrastructure, preference for private transport and highlights the key predictors of EMS utilization. There is an urgent need for public education, centralised EMS and policy reforms to enhance EMS utilization.
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