ArticleBMC geriatrics2025
The contribution of depression and anxiety to frailty in men and women: data from a longitudinal population-based cohort study.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Grip strength in the association between frailty and new-onset depression in older adults: a multinational longitudinal study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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9 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFrailty is common in old age and associated with decreased cognition, depression, and anxiety. Since transitioning between frailty states can offer targets for interventions, the aims of the current study were to assess the prevalence of frailty and changes over time as well as the impact of mental health, living environment (rural vs. urban) and sex on frailty transition.
methods683 participants ≥ 65 years were categorized into three frailty stages (robust, pre-frail, frail) according to the Fried frailty phenotype during two consecutive visits (mean assessment interval: 4 years). Aspects of mental health including anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS) and cognition (mini-mental state examination, MMSE, and number connection test, NCT) were assessed for the purposes of this study.
resultsAt visit 1, 35% of participants were classified as robust and 64.1% as pre-frail. More than 40% of participants transitioned between frailty states between visits. For the analysis, frailty status was dichotomized into two categories: robust and pre-frail/frail. A mixed-effect logistic model indicated that the HADS depression subscale was significantly associated with the risk of being pre-frail/frail [odds ratio (OR): 1.28 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21-1.36), p < 0.001] and that participants from rural areas were less likely to be pre-frail/frail [OR: 0.57 (95% CI: 0.44-0.75), p = 0.001]. Similar findings were obtained with independent sex-specific models, whereas multivariate logistic regression revealed a positive association between a higher baseline HADS anxiety score and the risk of worsening frailty in females [OR: 1.12 (95% CI: 1.00-1.25), p = 0.05], but not in males.
conclusionsDepression and anxiety are two potentially treatable conditions contributing to frailty over time, with anxiety specifically affecting women. As frailty status can change from pre-frail to robust over time, recognizing pre-frailty is paramount to start interventions at this stage with the aim of improving frailty status.
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