ArticlePediatric research2026
The association between growth and neurodevelopment at 2 years in moderate and late preterms.
Article in Pediatric research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimModerate and late preterm infants (MLPTI, 32 0/7 weeks - 36 6/7 weeks) may be at risk for poor growth and neurodevelopmental delay. This study aimed to assess the association between growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years corrected age (CA) in MLPTI.
methodsAnthropometric data were collected prospectively from birth until 2 years CA. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third edition, Dutch version (BSID-III-NL). Multivariable regression analyses were performed with corrections for multiple testing.
results100 MLPTI were included (median gestational age 34 2/7; mean birth weight 2267 g (SD 442.5); mean Bayley-III-NL cognitive score 103.1 (SD 10.9)). During hospital admission, for every 1-point increase in Δz-score for weight, cognitive scores increased by 2.6 (95% CI -0.484-5.668, p = 0.097). For every 1-point increase in Δz-score for length, cognitive scores increased by 5.9 (p = 0.025), and language scores increased by 6.5 (p = 0.041). No association was found between post-hospital growth and neurodevelopment at 2 years CA.
conclusionNo significant associations were found between growth in the first 2 years and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years CA. More research is needed to investigate which factors influence growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes in MLPTI. IMPACT: This study found no significant associations, but did observe a non-significant positive association between in-hospital growth and higher neurodevelopmental scores at 2 years corrected age (CA). In-hospital growth might have a greater impact on neurodevelopment later in life than growth after term-age. This study adds insight into the influence of early life growth and neurodevelopment in moderate and late preterm infants (MLPTI), a group that has not been extensively studied.
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