Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41290893›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Heart rate variability in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury during a single session of paired associative stimulation.

P Haakana, K Holopainen, M P Tarvainen, A Shulga

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

P HaakanaBioMag Laboratory, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
K HolopainenBioMag Laboratory, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
M P TarvainenDepartment of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
A ShulgaBioMag Laboratory, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. anastasia.shulga@helsinki.fi.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Heart-rate variability (HRV) reflects the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and is commonly used as a biomarker for the state of the autonomous nervous system (ANS). Acute pain can also be detected by HRV. We applied a single session of paired-associative stimulation (high-PAS) combining high-intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and high-frequency peripheral-nerve stimulation (PNS) on patients with incomplete cervical spinal-cord injury (SCI). High-PAS has shown promising results in improving motor function after incomplete SCI. The cardiovascular effects of high-PAS have not been studied in patients with SCI. We used HRV to record any pain or stress-related reactions in patients with SCI and as an indicator for cardiovascular effects of high-PAS. Twelve patients with cervical SCI received a 20-min single session of high-PAS. HRV was recorded continuously from the 15-min rest period before the stimulation until the end of the 60-min follow-up period after the stimulation. Five-minute sections at the timepoints of PRE, STIM, POST, POST30, and POST60 min after the stimulation were analyzed. Although two patients reported uncomfortable sensations and one reported slight pain during the stimulation, no signs of increase in sympathetic nervous system activation were detected. Instead, we observed moderate parasympathetic activation occurring during the high-PAS, similar to our previous findings in healthy participants.

Indexed as

Heart RateSpinal Cord InjuriesTranscranial Magnetic StimulationAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedParasympathetic Nervous SystemSympathetic Nervous SystemHeart rate variabilityPaired associative stimulationParasympathetic activationSpinal cord injuryTranscranial magnetic stimulation

Identifiers

PMID41290893
PMCPMC12647663

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.