ArticleTrends in biotechnology2026
Intramuscular delivery of mRNA-encoded single-chain variable fragments prevents myotoxin II-induced skeletal muscle damage in a preclinical model.
Article in Trends in biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Engineering Antivenom: Research Progress and Future Directions in Snakebite Envenoming Therapy.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Review
- Cell-Specific Extracellular Vesicles Targeting Strategies for Immune Modulation in Inflammatory Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Circular mRNA against CleanCap linear mRNA vectors: comprehensive comparison, expression, active and passive immunization.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antivenom is the only effective treatment for snakebites, but it often fails to tackle venom-induced local tissue/muscle damage, leading to permanent disabilities. We investigated whether monoclonal single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) targeting myotoxin II (M-II) from Bothrops asper venom, delivered via mRNA-lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), could neutralise M-II-induced adverse effects under diverse settings. Human cultured myotubes transfected with mRNA-LNPs expressed scFvs within 24 h and showed resistance to both M-II and venom. In a mouse model, a single intramuscular injection of mRNA-LNPs prompted scFv expression within 48 h and protected against M-II-induced damage. This approach reduced biomarkers for muscle injury, myonecrosis, and damage to the basement membrane and vasculature. This study demonstrates the use of mRNA technology in snakebite management, serving as a proof of concept to improve treatments for envenomings. Although a prophylactic approach may not be feasible for snakebites, prompt delivery of antibodies at the bite site might improve patient outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.