ArticleBMJ open2025
Incidence and trends of non-fatal overdoses among people with and without HIV: a population-based cohort study in British Columbia, Canada (2012-2020).
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesOur study investigated the age-adjusted incidence rates of non-fatal overdoses by HIV status and sex, and examined trends over time.
designWe used data from the Comparative Outcomes and Service Utilization Trends study, a population-based cohort study that includes clinical and administrative health data on virtually all people with HIV (PWH) and a 10% random sample of people without HIV in the province.
settingBritish Columbia, Canada.
participantsBetween April 2012 and March 2020, 11 050 PWH (81.8% male) and 473 952 people without HIV (50.3% male) who were 19 years and older contributed 68 035 and 3 285 824 person years (PY) of follow-up, respectively. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was age-adjusted incidence rates of non-fatal overdose events stratified by sex and HIV status. Trends over time were also assessed.
resultsAge-adjusted non-fatal overdose incidence rates among males with and without HIV were 36.4 and 3.12 per 1000 PY, respectively (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 11.7, 95% CI 10.9 to 12.5). For females with and without HIV, the age-adjusted incidence rates were 61.4 and 2.33 per 1000 PY, respectively (IRR=26.3, 95% CI 24.0 to 28.7). Between 2013 and 2019 (calendar years with full-year data), the age-adjusted non-fatal overdose rate increased significantly among males and females without HIV but not among PWH.
conclusionsWe observed a significantly higher non-fatal overdose rate among PWH compared to people without HIV. The rate was highest among females with HIV. These findings underline the need for policies and programmes oriented towards PWH to mitigate overdoses, especially for females.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.