ArticleJAMA network open2025
Toronto's Supervised Consumption Sites and Local Crime.
Article in JAMA network open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Moral foundations and attitudes towards supervised consumption services: a regional moderation study.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Beginning in August 2017, 9 overdose prevention sites and supervised consumption sites (OPS/SCS) began operating in Toronto, Canada. Following years of community pushback stating that these sites increased local crime and disorder, they were closed in March 2025. Objective: To examine the association between OPS/SCS and local crime and disorder. Design, Setting, and Participants: This ecological cohort study used Toronto Police Service data to compare crime incidence before and after OPS/SCS implementation using an interrupted time series study design. Analysis was restricted to crimes that occurred within city boundaries between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2025. Main Outcomes and Measures: The study used monthly event counts of all assaults, auto thefts, break and enters, robberies, thefts over $5000, bicycle thefts, and thefts from motor vehicles as the 7 outcomes. Incidence within 400 m of the geolocation of each OPS/SCS before and after implementation were compared and results were pooled for population-level estimates. Results: Within 400 m (approximately a quarter mile), OPS/SCS implementation was associated with increases in break and enters (49.88%; 95% CI, 27.03% to 76.84%), and to a lesser extent, thefts from motor vehicles (20.03%; 95% CI, -0.63% to 44.99%). However, monthly trends for break and enters (-1.19%; 95% CI, -1.71% to -0.68%), robberies (-1.32%; 95% CI, -1.93% to -0.70%), thefts over $5000 (-1.48%; 95% CI, -2.45% to -0.50%), bicycle thefts (-1.82%; 95% CI, -2.93% to -0.68%), and thefts from motor vehicles (-1.30%; 95% CI, -2.18% to -0.42%) declined. Site-specific results revealed some OPS/SCS were associated with increases in crime while most were not. Conclusions and Relevance: This ecological cohort study found that the association between Toronto's OPS/SCS and crime was generally neutral to beneficial. OPS/SCS were associated with increases in break and enters, and to a lesser extent thefts from motor vehicles, immediately postimplementation. Incidents of crimes declined with time.
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