Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41288826›Full record

ArticleDiscover mental health2025

Diabetes distress among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the North of West Bank-Palestine.

Ibrahim Ghoul, Mohammed F Hayek, Yousef Ahwal, Shahd Abdalghani, Yazeed Abo Baker, Malak Abed Aljwad, Eman Alshawish, Mohamed Kbalan, Abdullah Abdullah, Nizar B Said and 2 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Discover mental health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ibrahim GhoulOncology and Hematology department, An-Najah National University Hospital, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. i.ghoul@najah.edu.
Mohammed F HayekFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing and Midwifery Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. m.hayek@najah.edu.
Yousef AhwalFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing and Midwifery Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Shahd AbdalghaniFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing and Midwifery Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Yazeed Abo BakerFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing and Midwifery Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Malak Abed AljwadFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing and Midwifery Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Eman AlshawishFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing and Midwifery Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Mohamed KbalanFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing and Midwifery Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Abdullah AbdullahQuality and Patient Safety Department, An-Najah National University Hospital, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Nizar B SaidFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing and Midwifery Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Aidah AlkaissiFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing and Midwifery Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Murad JkhlabUrology Center of Excellence, An-Najah National University Hospital, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDiabetes distress, the emotional burden and stress related to managing type 2 diabetes mellitus, has been linked to poor self-management and adverse health outcomes. In Palestine, particularly in the North of West Bank, adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus face unique social and economic challenges that may exacerbate diabetes distress, impacting their ability to maintain effective diabetes management. Addressing diabetes distress is crucial for improving health outcomes and quality of life in this population, yet research on its prevalence and associated factors in the North of West Bank is limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of diabetes distress and identify its associated demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the North of West Bank, Palestine. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 404 adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus in various healthcare centers across the North of West Bank. Participants completed the Diabetes Distress Scale-17 and a sociodemographic questionnaire, and additional clinical data such as HbA1c levels. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to identify associations between diabetes distress and demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors, with a focus on assessing the impact of these variables on distress levels.

resultsOf the 423 eligible individuals approached, 404 participants were included in the final analysis (response rate: 95.5%). The median age was 55 years (IQR: 49-63), with a nearly equal gender distribution. Poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 6.4%) was observed in 76.0% of participants, and 74.3% reported one or more comorbidities. High and moderate levels of diabetic distress were reported by 29.0% and 25.2% of participants, respectively, with emotional and regimen-related distress being the most prevalent domains. Significant factors associated with higher distress included comorbidities, smoking, urban residence, unemployment, living with family, and residence in Nablus. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that absence of comorbidities, younger age, living alone, and non-urban residence were protective factors against high distress (p < .05). The model explained 20.1% of the variance in distress levels (Nagelkerke R² = 0.201).

conclusionDiabetes distress is common among adults with type 2 diabetes and is significantly influenced by clinical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors. Routine screening and targeted psychosocial interventions are essential, especially for high-risk groups, to improve both psychological well-being and diabetes outcomes.

Indexed as

Cross-sectional studyDiabetes distressGlycemic controlNorth of West Bank PalestinePsychological burdenSocioeconomic factorsType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41288826
PMCPMC12764720

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.