Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41287086›Full record

Trial reportJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2025

A patient-specific, 3D printed neurostimulator enabling focal transcranial electrical stimulation and EEG at home.

Mahyar Joodaki, Griffin Rodgers, Alois Hopf, Mathias R Koller, Raphael Guzman, Emiliano Santarnecchi, Johannes S Vögerl, Julian Ferchow, Annina Ruffner, Marc Funken and 2 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05999916 (A Prospective, Single-Arm, Monocentric Pilot Study to Evaluate the Safety and Feasibility of Transcranial Alternate Current Stimulation With the Miamind Neurostimulator in Healthy Participants), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05999916 nacompletednot on this map

A Prospective, Single-Arm, Monocentric Pilot Study to Evaluate the Safety and Feasibility of Transcranial Alternate Current Stimulation With the Miamind Neurostimulator in Healthy Participants

TypeinterventionalSponsorBottneuro AGRan2023 to 2024Enrolled8ConditionsHealthy Participants, Healthy PopulationArmsPersonalized Miamind Neurostimulator
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Mahyar JoodakiBottneuro AG, Basel, Switzerland.
Griffin RodgersBottneuro AG, Basel, Switzerland.
Alois HopfBottneuro AG, Basel, Switzerland. Alois.hopf@bottneuro.ch.
Mathias R KollerBottneuro AG, Basel, Switzerland.
Raphael GuzmanDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Hospital and University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Emiliano SantarnecchiPrecision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
Johannes S VögerlProduct Development Group Zurich pd|z, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Julian Ferchowinspire AG, Product Development Group Zurich pd|z, Zurich, Switzerland.
Annina RuffnerBottneuro AG, Basel, Switzerland.
Marc FunkenBottneuro AG, Basel, Switzerland.
Mirko MeboldtProduct Development Group Zurich pd|z, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Bekim OsmaniBottneuro AG, Basel, Switzerland.

Funding

Innosuisse - Schweizerische Agentur für Innovationsförderung 102.809 IP-ENG
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe therapeutic potential of non-invasive transcranial electric stimulation (tES) is growing, but challenges in tailoring treatments to individual patients persist. We demonstrated that personalized montages, informed by biophysical modeling, can reduce dose variability and improve target engagement. However, traditional setups are prone to electrode placement errors, leading to inconsistent dosage, localization and potential off-target engagement.

methodsWe developed a pipeline for creating patient-specific 3D-printed caps based on individual MRI scans to allow custom placement of up to 34 electrodes. Hybrid brush electrodes were incorporated to facilitate the use on with-hair regions of the head. The patient-specific caps are integrated within a Neurostimulator/EEG device, enabling precise electrode placement for recording of neural activity and optimized, personalised tES therapies based on individual biophysical brain models.

resultsA proof-of-concept in-silico study highlighted the importance of positional accuracy in electrode placement, particularly in minimizing off-target stimulation in case of the personalized montage configuration. To mitigate positional displacement, we introduced the pipeline for generating patient-specific 3D-printed caps, ensuring precise anatomical fit. The flexible design of these caps supports high-density electrode arrays tailored to various therapeutic montages. Integrated brush electrodes function in both dry and wet modes and are powered by electronics embedded in a neckpiece, enabling multi-step tES and EEG recording with minimal setup for at-home use. Electrical and mechanical evaluations confirmed the system's feasibility, and a clinical trial with eight healthy subjects showed improved comfort and increased willingness for home use.

conclusionThis customized cap-electrode system provides a practical solution for self-administered, repeatable personalized tES and EEG session at home.

trial registrationThe study is registered on the Swiss National Clinical Trials Portal (SNCTP), (SNCTP000005598) and Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05999916). The study was approved by the Independent Competent Ethics Committee (Ethikkommission Nordwest-und Zentralschweiz (EKNZ)) at the 14 August 2023 and the Competent Regulatory Authority Swissmedic at the 20 December 2023.

Indexed as

ElectroencephalographyPrinting, Three-DimensionalTranscranial Direct Current StimulationAdultEquipment DesignFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMale

Identifiers

PMID41287086
PMCPMC12642300

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.