SynthesisJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2025
The impact of non-invasive brain-computer interface technology on the therapeutic effect of patients with spinal cord injury: a summary of evidence based on meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Crosstalk Between Cortical Plasticity and Peripheral Nervous Injury: Insights, Mechanisms, and Future Directions.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Neurosense: Bridging Neural Dynamics and Mental Health Through Deep Learning for Brain Health Assessment via Reaction Time and p-Factor Prediction.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Brain-computer interface: an update for the clinicians.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe objective of this study is to systematically evaluate the effects of non-invasive brain-computer interface technology on motor and sensory functions and daily living abilities of patients with spinal cord injuries. In addition, the study will investigate the related modifying factors. Ultimately, the study will provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice.
methodsA systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Resource System, and VIP Database for relevant literature from database inception to February 2025. The quality of the studies was assessed using Review Manager 5.4, with the risk of bias visually represented. The presence of publication bias was assessed through the utilization of the "metafor" package (version 4.6-0) in R (version 4.4.1). The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE framework.
resultsA total of 9 papers were included, including 4 randomized controlled trials and 5 self-controlled trials with 109 spinal cord injury patients. Compared with the control group, the non-invasive brain-computer interface intervention had a significant impact on patients' motor function (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI: [0.35,1.09], P < 0.01, I
conclusionAs far as the existing literature is concerned, non-invasive brain-computer interface technology shows the potential to improve motor and sensory functioning as well as the ability to perform activities of daily living in patients with spinal cord injury. However, the conclusions are preliminary and hypothetical, and as the current evidence for non-invasive BCI interventions for people with spinal cord injury remains limited, this paper does not recommend the application of the conclusions to clinical practice until future large-sample RCTs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.