ArticleLipids in health and disease2025
Interactive effects of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin resistance on depression: results from the NHANES (2005-2018).
Article in Lipids in health and disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPrior studies on the relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and depression have reported inconsistent results. Insulin resistance (IR) can alter the composition and function of HDL. This study aims to investigate whether IR influences the association between HDL-C and depression.
methodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2018) were analyzed. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, with a score of ≥ 10 indicating depression. IR was defined by a HOMA2-IR value of ≥ 2.5. Survey-weighted generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to examine the associations between HDL-C, IR, and depression. Multiplicative and additive interaction, along with subgroup analyses, evaluated HDL-C/IR interactions affecting depression. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by: (1) redefining IR, (2) adjusting for total cholesterol and triglycerides in the base models, (3) applying alternative weighting, and (4) including special participants.
resultsThe study included 7,779 participants. Survey-weighted GLMs revealed no significant association between HDL-C or IR and depression. However, HDL-C and IR had a significant synergistic effect on the odds of depression (multiplicative scale[P < 0.05] and additive interactions [relative excess risk due to interaction = 3.21]). Subgroup analyses confirmed IR significantly modified HDL-C-depression associations (P
conclusionElevated HDL-C in the context of IR were associated with increased depression odds. These findings underscore the importance of considering IR when examining the relationship between HDL-C and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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