ArticleBMC public health2025
Global, regional, and national burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer attributable to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons occupational expose from 1990 to 2021: worsening or improving?
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundOccupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) directly contributes to tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer. However, it remains a challenge to accurately determine the epidemiological relationship between PAH and lung cancer.
methodsThe incidence, deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years lost due to disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and corresponding estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were used from the Global Burden of Disease 2021. Trends were stratified by region/country, age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Joinpoint regression, decomposition analysis, and frontier analysis were conducted to explore potential characteristics of the disease burden.
resultsThe burden of occupational PAH exposure is globally rising. The lung cancer's age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and DALYs rate (ASDR) attributable to occupational PAH exposure were 0.07 (95%UI: 0.06, 0.08) and 1.98 (95%UI: 1.63,2.40) per 100,000 population, with EAPC of 1.14 (95%CI: 1.10, 1.39) and 0.61 (95%CI: 0.58, 0.72), correspondingly. The highest disease burden was observed among individuals aged 65-69 years. The disease burden increased in high-middle, middle, low-middle, and low SDI levels, with the most pronounced rise observed in high-middle SDI countries during thirty years. Joinpoint regression analyses showed that ASMR generally increased for both males and females. The population contributed to the fluctuations in DALYs and deaths in the decomposition analysis. The frontier analyses suggested the greatest potential between burden reduction and high-SDI countries. We demonstrated that the burden of occupational PAH exposure is escalating globally, and the burden of lung cancer attributable to occupational PAH exposure is also increasing, with significant variations in age, sex, and socioeconomic development.
conclusionsThis study underscores the urgent need for public health interventions, especially in high-medium SDI regions. With economies developing, it is imperative to consider additional measures to mitigate occupational exposure to PAH, with the aim of alleviating both the societal and economic burdens, as well as the associated health risks.
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