Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41286560›Full record

ArticleAllergy2026

Major Cat Allergen Fel d 4: Structure and Identification of a Cross-Reactive IgE-Epitope-Containing Area.

Nikolina Todorović, Daria Trifonova, Zicheng Liu, Mirela Curin, Laszlo Schooltink, Theo Sagmeister, Christoph Grininger, Renata Kiss, Nina Gottstein, Bernd Gesslbauer and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Allergy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Nikolina TodorovićInstitute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4550-5742
Daria TrifonovaDivision of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4305-0529
Zicheng LiuDivision of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1155-954X
Mirela CurinDivision of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-4127
Laszlo SchooltinkInstitute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Theo SagmeisterInstitute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6703-5510
Christoph GriningerInstitute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1154-4244
Renata KissDivision of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7647-1173
Nina GottsteinInstitute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Bernd GesslbauerInstitute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-8322
Andreas WinklerInstitute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6221-9671
Tea Pavkov-KellerInstitute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7871-6680
Alexander KaraulovLaboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1930-5424
Rudolf ValentaDivision of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5944-3365
Walter KellerInstitute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-958X

Funding

Austrian Science FundDanube Allergy Research Cluster of the Country of Lower AustriaRussian Science Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAllergic sensitization to cats and other furry animals is a major cause of asthma and allergic rhinitis in more than 200 million people worldwide. According to the frequency of IgE recognition, allergen-specific IgE levels, and allergenic activity, Fel d 4 is a major allergen in the cat (Felis domesticus). The lipocalin allergen Fel d 4 is highly homologous to dog (Can f 6) and major horse (Equ c 1) allergens. Accordingly, IgE cross-reactivity to these allergens contributes to polysensitization and allergic responses upon exposure to different animals.

methodsFel d 4 was recombinantly produced in two systems, E. coli and Expi293F mammalian cells. Recombinant forms were characterized by circular dichroism and mass spectrometry. The Fel d 4 3D structure was determined using X-ray crystallography. Immunoreactivity, epitope analyses, and cross-reactive properties were assessed by ELISA and basophil release assays using allergic patients' sera.

resultsWe reveal the rFel d 4 crystal structures and demonstrate that mammalian cells produce an N-glycosylated recombinant Fel d 4 allergen. The C-terminal regions of Fel d 4, Can f 6, and Equ c 1 constitute conformational IgE-epitope-containing areas responsible for cross-reactivity.

conclusionUncovering the IgE-binding sites of Fel d 4 and cross-reactive allergens contributes to future rational design of active and passive allergen-specific treatment forms.

Indexed as

AllergensEpitopesGlycoproteinsImmunoglobulin ELipocalinsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsBasophilsCatsCross ReactionsCrystallography, X-RayEpitope MappingHumansHypersensitivityModels, MolecularProtein ConformationAllergensEpitopesFel d 4 allergen, Felis domesticusGlycoproteinsImmunoglobulin ELipocalinsRecombinant Proteinscat allergycross‐reactivitycrystal structureepitopeFel d 4

Identifiers

PMID41286560
PMCPMC13040627

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.