ArticleJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2026
Rising rates of non-invasive ventilation and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A propensity score-matched analysis.
Article in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundGiven the multiple risk factors associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the impact of advances in early respiratory management, particularly non-invasive ventilation, remains uncertain.
methodsThe early respiratory management and outcomes in 593 infants born at less than 32 weeks' gestational age were retrospectively analyzed. The combined rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia-mortality was compared across four propensity score-matched periods (2007-2010, 2011-2014, 2015-2018, 2019-2022).
resultsDelivery room intubation rate decreased from 54% to 36.7% (P < 0.001). Surfactant administration was delayed in the first three periods from 0.33 to 1.5 h (P < 0.001). The composite outcome of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia rose from 14.9% to 39.8% over time, while mortality alone remained stable. In parallel, non-invasive ventilation duration increased with an adjusted mean difference of 21.98 days in 2019-2022.
conclusionThe incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia continues to rise for very preterm infants, despite changes in early respiratory management and the increased use of non-invasive ventilation.
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