ArticleJournal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection2025
Trends in immunomodulatory therapy for the treatment of chronic uveitis in the United States.
Article in Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Comparative long-term outcomes of conventional immunomodulatory therapy, biologic agents, and combination therapy in chronic uveitis.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2026Article
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5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChronic uveitis, a major cause of legal blindness in the United States, often requires long-term immunomodulatory therapy (IMT). This study aims to characterize trends in systemic IMT use among adults with chronic uveitis in United States from 2005 to 2025.
methodsThis cross-sectional time-series study used the TriNetX Network to analyze adults (ages ≥ 18) with chronic, non-infectious uveitis treated with methotrexate, mycophenolate, azathioprine, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, cyclophosphamide, adalimumab, infliximab and/or etanercept. Data was grouped into consecutive 3-year intervals, and Cochran–Armitage tests assessed changes in the proportion of patients treated with each medication.
resultsThe total population included 12,035 adult patients. Academic and non-academic institutions shared similar trends in IMT usage. Overall, there was a reduction in the proportion of patients on methotrexate (44.2% in 2005–2007 to 37.6% in 2023–2025, p < 0.0001), azathioprine (15.1% in 2005–2007 to 6.7% in 2023–2025, p < 0.0001), cyclophosphamide (2.5% in 2011–2013 to 0.8% in 2023–2025, p < 0.0001), infliximab (18.6% in 2005–2007 to 14.1% in 2023–2025, p < 0.0001) and etanercept (9.0% in 2005–2007 to 2.0% in 2023–2025, p < 0.0001). Conversely, treatment with adalimumab rose markedly among patients with chronic uveitis (8.0% in 2005–2007 to 34.6% in 2023–2025; p < 0.0001). There was no change in the proportion of patients on mycophenolate (14.6% in 2005–2007 to 12.8% in 2023–2025; p = 0.5963).
conclusionKey shifts in management of chronic uveitis include the emergence adalimumab as a key steroid sparing agent, the continued role of methotrexate as the first-line steroid-sparing agent, and a marked decline in the use of many older immunomodulatory therapies.
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