ArticleNature methods2026
TIRTL-seq: deep, quantitative and affordable paired TCR repertoire sequencing.
Article in Nature methods, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- T cell immunomonitoring: a comparative analysis of traditional and novel methods to quantify and characterize human antigen-specific T cells.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Entering the Age of Specificity in T Cell Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- T Cell Thoughts.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Structural T-Cell Receptor Analysis in the Age of Machine Learning.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- The Role of the T Cell Receptor Sequence in Shaping T Cell Functional Fate.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- The T Cell Receptor: Molecular Sensor, Therapeutic Mediator and Probabilistic Driver of Adaptive Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Inherited human TFIIIA deficiency disrupts T cell development.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Modeling TCR-Epitope Recognition Specificity: What We Should Learn to Succeed.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- T cell fate regulation in EBV‑associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- T-cell repertoire response in individuals with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Deciphering antigen-driven T cell responses through vectorized TCRdist sequence neighborhood quantification.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- TCR sequencing in cancer immunology and immunotherapy: what, when, where, why, and how.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Identification of a type 1 diabetes-associated T cell receptor repertoire signature from the human peripheral blood.Science advances · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- TCR representation learning with protein language models: a comprehensive review.International immunology · 2026Review
- Multi-centered T cell repertoire profiling identifies alterations in the immune repertoire of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease across different disease stages.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- TCR2HLA: Calibrated inference of HLA genotypes from TCR repertoires enables identification of immunologically relevant metaclonotypes.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- T cell antigenic recognition sequencing (TAR-seq) enables precise characterization of vaccine-elicited cellular immunity ex vivo andFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- TIRTL-seq: heroes with T-SHELL.Nature methods · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The specificity of T cells is determined by T cell receptor (TCR) α and β chain sequences. While bulk TCR sequencing enables cost-effective repertoire profiling without chain pairing information, single-cell approaches provide paired data but are costly and limited in throughput. Here we present throughput-intensive rapid TCR library sequencing (TIRTL-seq), an experimental and computational methodology for paired TCR repertoire sequencing (TCR-seq). TIRTL-seq is based on the parallel generation of hundreds of TCR libraries in 384-well plates at less than US$200 per plate, allowing cohort-scale paired TCR-seq studies. We benchmarked TIRTL-seq against state-of-the-art bulk TCR-seq and 10x Genomics Chromium technologies on longitudinal samples and identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2- and Epstein-Barr virus-specific clonal expansions after infection with distinct dynamics. TIRTL-seq offers a universal protocol scalable from a single cell to millions of T cells per sample, simultaneously delivering both precise clonal frequency estimation and accurate TCR chain pairing, combining the strengths of bulk and single-cell TCR-seq.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.