ArticleScientific reports2025
Characteristics and causes of regional differentiation of ecosystem services supply and demand in Sichuan Province, China.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Ecosystem services significantly impact human well-being and regional sustainable development, and clarifying the spatially heterogeneous characteristics of their supply and demand and the factors influencing them is the key to implementing sustainable development strategies. This study employs the InVEST model to quantitatively assess the supply and demand status of four primary ecosystem services in Sichuan Province: carbon sequestration(CS), grain production(GP), water production(WP), and soil conservation(SC), and analyze the spatial correlation of ecosystem services to identify different bundles of ecosystem services, thus presenting the regional heterogeneity characteristics, and finally explores the dominant factors in combination with the optimal parameterized geographical detector, taking into account the unique geographic location of Sichuan Province. The results showed that: (1) From 2010 to 2022, CS supply in Sichuan Province increased by 0.07 × 10¹⁰ t, GP supply increased by 3.28 × 10¹² t, WP supply decreased by 3.38 × 10¹² t, and SC supply decreased by 1.26 × 10¹² t. CS demand increased by 7.32 × 10¹¹ t, GP demand decreased by 3.47 × 10¹³ t, WP increased by 1.47 × 10¹³ t, and SC demand decreased by 2.25 × 10⁹ t; (2) The supply-demand dynamics of ecosystem services reveal a pattern of "high supply and high demand" in the eastern regions and "low supply and low demand" in the western regions. On the supply side, trade-offs predominate across the four categories of ecosystem services in eastern and western Sichuan. On the demand side, strong synergistic effects are evident across all categories; (3) During the study period, the distribution and percentage of four ecosystem service bundles exhibited significant changes. On the supply side, the area covered by the GP-WP bundle(S2) in eastern Sichuan decreased by 4%, while the CS-SC bundle(S3) increased by 3%. In western Sichuan, the CS-SC bundle(S3) area rose by 13%, while the WP bundle(S4) decreased by 14%. On the demand side, the area covered by the SC demand bundle(C1) in eastern Sichuan decreased by 4%, and the low-demand bundle(C3) area in western Sichuan decreased by 1%; (4) The supply of ecosystem services in eastern and western regions is generally more influenced by natural landscape factors, while demand is closely linked to socioeconomic conditions. Furthermore, the combined effects of interacting factors exert a far greater influence on ecosystem services than individual factors alone. The study can provide a scientific basis for the ecological function of zoning and the development of differentiated control strategies in Sichuan Province.
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