Observational studyThe journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease2026
Association of neighborhood disadvantage with Alzheimer's disease pathology and the stability of blood-based biomarker performance.
Observational study in The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Association Between Social Determinants of Health and Alzheimer Disease Blood Biomarkers in Midlife.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundNeighborhood-level factors, measured by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), are linked to comorbidities of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). However, their direct association with AD neuropathology is unclear. The accessibility of blood-based biomarkers (BBMs) like p-tau217 and Aβ42/40 offers a scalable way to investigate these relationships.
objectivesTo examine the relationship between ADI and levels of key BBMs (p-tau217/Aβ42, p-tau217, and Aβ42/40). We also aimed to assess whether the performance of these BBMs in predicting amyloid PET positivity is consistent across different levels of neighborhood disadvantage.
designA cross-sectional analysis using data from an observational cohort study of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI).
settingMulticenter observational cohort conducted at 55 sites across the United States.
participantsThe study included 755 ADNI participants with ADI and amyloid PET data. A sub-cohort of 438 participants also had BBM data available. MEASUREMENTS: National ADI scores were used to stratify participants into least, intermediately, and most disadvantaged groups. Amyloid PET positivity was determined using Centiloid values. Plasma levels of p-tau217, Aβ42, and Aβ40 were measured using Fujirebio assays.
resultsADI groups differed by sex, ethnoracial background, and MMSE scores. The intermediately disadvantaged group had 1.55 times higher odds of being amyloid PET positive compared to the least disadvantaged group. While this group also showed higher levels of plasma p-tau217/Aβ42 and p-tau217, these differences were no longer significant after accounting for the higher prevalence of amyloid positivity. Critically, the predictive accuracy of all three BBMs for amyloid PET status did not differ across the ADI groups. The p-tau217/Aβ42 ratio performed best, yielding the fewest indeterminate cases in a two-cut-point classification model.
conclusionsThe diagnostic performance of plasma AD biomarkers is robust and is not compromised by neighborhood-level disadvantage. These findings support the generalizability and equitable clinical utility of biomarkers like p-tau217/Aβ42 for AD diagnosis across diverse socioeconomic settings.
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