ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology2026
Chronic kidney disease and cardiac remodeling potentiate cognitive impairment progression: disentangling the sex-specific cross talk of kidney-heart-brain axis.
Article in American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Challenges and knowledge gaps in sex differences in cardio-kidney-metabolic syndrome across the lifespan.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Biomarker Profiling of Cardiac Causes for Chest Pain in Non-acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in West Virginia.Cureus · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD)-mediated oxidative stress, uremic toxicity, inflammation, and cardiovascular (CV) damage connect the kidney-heart-brain axis that contributes to cognitive impairment (CI) and progression to major neurological disorders. Although the sex disparity has a profound impact on CKD epidemiology, its role in the progression of CI needs to be elucidated in detail. The present study aims to unravel the sex-specific cross talk of the kidney-heart-brain axis in CKD. CKD and control subjects, equally represented by both sexes, were included in a cross-sectional study that involved a community-dwelling rural population. CV and CKD parameters, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), markers of fibrosis and neurodegeneration were assessed. We elucidated the sex-specific associations among these factors through linear regression and structural equation modeling (SE), or Path, analyses. Patients with CKD have higher blood pressure versus controls, and men with CKD exhibited a decline in cardiac function versus sex- and age-matched controls. Both men and women with CKD had lower MMSE scores versus controls, although cognitive performance in women with CKD was significantly better than that of men with CKD. Path analysis revealed a direct association of the plasma phosphorylated Tau protein (pTau) and the ratio of amyloid β-42 to amyloid β-40 with MMSE scores in women only. Pro-brain natriuretic peptide and pTau were associated with short-term memory, a part of the MMSE assessment, also in women only. Our findings will broaden the current understanding and clinical consequences of the pathophysiological interactions between kidney and CV damage with brain function in a sex-dependent manner that could prompt innovative pharmacological interventions.
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