Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41284886›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

Overestimated natural biological nitrogen fixation translates to an exaggerated CO

Sian Kou-Giesbrecht, Carla R Reis Ely, Steven S Perakis, Cory C Cleveland, Duncan N L Menge, Sasha C Reed, Benton N Taylor, Sarah A Batterman, Timothy E Crews, Katherine A Dynarski and 13 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Phantom sinks and missing pollution: Legacies of a hardened number.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Sian Kou-GiesbrechtSchool of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-4086-0561
Carla R Reis ElyOak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830.ORCID 0000-0002-9657-8071
Steven S PerakisUnited States Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331.ORCID 0000-0003-0703-9314
Cory C ClevelandDepartment of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812.
Duncan N L MengeDepartment of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.ORCID 0000-0003-4736-9844
Sasha C ReedUnited States Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT 84532.ORCID 0000-0002-8597-8619
Benton N TaylorDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Roslindale, MA 02131.
Sarah A BattermanCary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545.
Timothy E CrewsThe Land Institute, Salina, KS 67401.
Katherine A DynarskiDepartment of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812.ORCID 0000-0001-5101-9666
Maga GeiAssociation for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Minneapolis, MN 55406.
Michael J GundaleDepartment of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea 90183, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-2447-609X
David F HerridgeSchool of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-0423-2517
Sarah E JovanUnited States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR 97204.
Mark B PeoplesCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-6060-3290
Johannes PiipponenDepartment of Built Environment, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland.ORCID 0000-0003-2925-3397
Emilio Rodríguez-CaballeroCentro de Investigación de Colecciones Científicas de la Universidad de Almería y Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad de Almería, Almería 04120, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5934-3214
Verity G SalmonEnvironmental Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831.ORCID 0000-0002-2188-551X
Fiona M SoperDepartment of Biology and School of the Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-9910-9377
Anika P StacconeEarthshot Labs, Mill Valley, CA 94941.
Bettina WeberDivision of Plant Sciences, Institute for Biology, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-5453-3967
Christopher A WilliamsGraduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610.ORCID 0000-0002-5047-0639
Nina WurzburgerOdum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.ORCID 0000-0002-6143-0317

Funding

John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis G19AC00036Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) RGPIN-2024-04188
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

CO

Indexed as

Carbon DioxideModels, TheoreticalNitrogen FixationCarbon SequestrationEarth, PlanetEcosystemFertilizersModels, BiologicalNitrogenCarbon DioxideFertilizersNitrogenbiological nitrogen fixationCO2 fertilizationEarth system models

Identifiers

PMID41284886
PMCPMC12685054

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.