ArticlePloS one2025
Within-individual variation of C-reactive protein (CRP) measurements in primary care: A retrospective cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- C-Reactive Protein Trajectories by Summary Metric Across the Coronavirus-2019 Period: A 16-Year Interrupted Time-Series Analysis (2008-2023).Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Increased C-Reactive Protein Concentrations During Menstruation May Be Important for the Pathophysiology of Endometriosis and Possibly for Adhesion Formation-A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
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3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundC-reactive protein (CRP) is a biomarker of inflammation used in diagnosis of inflammatory diseases and to guide treatment decisions. Variation in within-individual measured CRP may affect its clinical utility but estimates of within-individual variation are based on limited data and so may not be accurate.
methodsA retrospective cohort study was performed using data on CRP results and sociodemographic, lifestyle and comorbidity covariates extracted from the IQVIA Medical Research Database (IMRD) database using the DEXTER tool. A minimum of four measurements for each individual was the only inclusion criterion. CRP data were log-transformed for analysis. Within-individual measured variation was calculated as a coefficient of variation (CV) using a linear regression random effects model for the whole population and various subgroups.
results472,811 participants were included in this study, making it the largest study of variation of CRP to date by a factor of approximately five. The overall coefficient of variation for CRP was 1.604 (95% CI 1.602 to 1.606). This is much higher than the median reported CV for CRP of previous studies which was 0.41. CV increased with patient median. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: The large number of participants and the real-world nature of the results are important strengths of this study. Weaknesses included the problem of accounting for confounding by indication, and the short half-life of CRP making it hard to distinguish between acute illness and physiological variation.
conclusionsEstimated within-individual variation in this analysis of real-world data is very high and is higher than previously reported. Variation increases with patient median CRP, that is with more severe disease status. This has important implications for the diagnosis, monitoring and clinical decision-making for inflammatory disease.
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